P033.如何制定合理的目标
#规则 #任务 #管理 #目标
【懂得很多道理，依然过不好这一生；掌握很多方法，依然做不顺项目】，依然是谁，怎么这么惨？成事四要素之合理目标，完备计划，坚定执行，监控反馈，就是在戴明环（PDCA）的中央加个目标，依然就是那个G
@史荣久 / 2020-08-25 / CC-BY-SA-3.0
1.科学的方法论
传统项目管理也好，敏捷精益思路也罢，实战摸爬滚打中，都有大量相通的工具和方法。下面以Agile中的3个原则展开，直接上原文，不翻译和转述了。值得注意的是，冷冰冰的文字背后，是无数血肉案例的千姿百态。
SMART Goals，聪明、杀马特girls
- Specific: Everyone will have the same understanding as to what the goals are.
- Measurable: We can objectively determine if the goals have been reached.
- Achievable: The stakeholders agree as to what the goals are.
- Realistic: We shall be able to achieve the goals for the project with the resources we have.
- Time-Based: We will be given enough time to achieve the goals.
DEEP Product Backlog，深度待办项
- Detailed Enough—acceptance criteria to get started
- Emergent—The Product Backlog is never “complete” it is refined over time
- Estimated Relatively—sized in terms of effort
- Prioritised Ordered—by value, risk, cost, dependencies, etc.
INVEST User Stories，投资用户故事
- Independent
- Shouldn’t be dependent on other stories
- Stories can be worked on in any order
- Each of them could be developed and delivered separately
- Negotiable
- There should be space of negotiation
- A story is not a contract. A story is an invitation to a conversation
- Should capture the essence of the requirement
- Valuable
- should clearly illustrate value to the customer.
- Estimable
- A good story can be estimated
- should be understandable
- You can split the story to gain more clarity.
- Small
- Should be completed in few person-weeks work.
- Smaller stories tend to get more accurate estimates.
- Testable
- A good story is testable.
- Several teams have reported that by requiring customer tests before implementing a story, the team is more productive.
- Writing the tests early helps us know whether this goal is met
2.玄学的参与感
目标的实现离不开个人和团队的参与，一个好的目标在其过程中和达成时，都会和参与者，使参与者和参与者发生正向的化学反应，最基础也是最重要的有，
- 参与感 - 没有充分的物理作用，就不会有很好的化学作用。
- 节奏感 - 大小目标会像乐谱上的音节一样，被和谐的演奏。
- 成绩感 - 八九成的平淡，一两成的挑战，赢是最好的激励。
既然是玄学又是各种感，那就没有什么量度和求证性，所以管理知识和布道者大多不会提起，实在就是战场上喊“冲啊”的那种感觉，何时何地何情形喊，只有身临其境，冲锋陷阵者心里有感觉。所谓，阵而后战，兵法之常；运用之妙，存乎一心。
3.实操的小建议
在创业的这几年，就没体验过合理目标，有的只是合适的目标，主要在以下几个点。
- 明确 - 不是指清晰，而是理解一致。沟通和迭代很重要。
- 时间 - 必须分阶段，分步交付，有进度条和实际产出物。
- 价值 - 参与者明白其的意义，主动而非被动实现其价值。
- 涌现 - 毛毛虫爬行样的蛄蛹，还原案发现场的抽丝剥茧。
管理就是限制的艺术，很少有万事俱备只欠东风的时候，常态是做好取舍替代，寻找平衡点。最后以【王小花啥也没做】的故事收个尾。
王小花是一个平面设计师，老板周二下午给安排了个任务，3天时间出一组海报。一眨眼就周五了，老板问小花，海报咋还没整完啊，我都安排了一周了。小花委屈的说，周三给你3个版，你说改风格，周四给你2个版，你说咱们slogan变了，现在不还在做呢吗。
题图：我的世界飞行象棋，石头剪刀布，骰子。攻击，转身，移动，换目标均消耗一步。
